Nicolas Shumway - The Invention of Argentina

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title	:	The Invention of Argentina
author	:	Shumway, Nicolas.
publisher	:	University of California Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0520082842
print isbn13	:	9780520082847
ebook isbn13	:	9780585181677
language	:	English
subject	Argentina--History--19th century, Argentina--Intellectual life--19th century, Intellectuals--Argentina--Attitudes, Nationalism--Argentina--History--19th century.
publication date	:	1991
lcc	:	F2843.S47 1991eb
ddc	:	982/.04
subject	:	Argentina--History--19th century, Argentina--Intellectual life--19th century, Intellectuals--Argentina--Attitudes, Nationalism--Argentina--History--19th century.

Page iii The Invention of Argentina Nicolas Shumway University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London

Page iv University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press London, England Copyright © 1991 by The Regents of the University of California First Paperback Printing 1993 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shumway, Nicolas. The invention of Argentina / Nicolas Shumway. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-520-08284-2 1. ArgentinaHistory19th century. 2. Argentina Intellectual life19th century. 3. Intellectuals ArgentinaAttitudes. 4. NationalismArgentina History19th century. I. Title. F2843.S47 1991 982'.04dc20 90-24574 CIP Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984

Page v To the memory of my father James Carroll Shumway

Page vii Contents Preface ix 1. Prelude to Nationhood 1 2. Mariano Moreno 24 3. Populism, Federalism, and the Gauchesque 47 4. The Rivadavians 81 5. The Generation of 1837, Part One 112 6. The Generation of 1837, Part Two 146 7. Alberdi and Sarmiento: The Widening Breach 168 8. Bartolomé Mitre and the Gallery of Argentine Celebrities 188 9. Roots of Argentine Nationalism, Part One 214 10. Roots of Argentine Nationalism, Part Two 250 Epilogue 297 Bibliography 301 Index 313

Page ix Preface Borges argues that books write themselves, that however much writers try to choose their subjects, the subject itself eventually dictates its own expression. While in no way equating myself with Borges, I sense that this book's writing confirms his point. Originally, I planned to write an intellectual history of the fifteen-year span bracketed by the coup of 1930Argentina's first in this centuryand the triumph of Juan Domingo Perón in 1945. My goal was to reconstruct the intellectual currents that anticipated Peronism and explain to some degree the extraordinary polarization that has gripped Argentina ever since. I dutifully read nationalists like the Irazusta brothers, Hugo Wast, Carlos Ibarguren, Ramón Doll, and Monsignor Franceschi; populists like Arturo Jauretche and Raúl Scalabrini Ortiz; liberals and cosmopolitans like Eduardo Mallea, Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, Jorge Luis Borges, and Victoria Ocampo. I was particularly interested in how the fierce disagreements among Argentine intellectuals stemmed from radically different concepts of what the Argentine nation was all about: its history, its nature, its role among other nations of the world. But when I began writing, I found that what appeared new in the 1930s was often repeating, reworking, or at least conversing with Argentine thought of earlier times, so much so that my footnotes seemed to grow faster than my text. I eventually bowed to the inevitable and wrote this bookabout nineteenth-century Argentina. While I make occasional reference to more recent Argentine thought, the other book, the one specifically about modern Argentina, will have to wait. I console myself thinking that

Page x the book I failed to complete might now write itself more easily using this one as a point of departure. Argentina is widely perceived as a national failure, one of the few countries that has moved from first-world to third-world status in only a few short decades. As recently as the 1920s, no one would have considered Argentina underdeveloped. With an apparently stable government, a highly literate populace, and unequaled prosperity relative to other Latin American nations, Argentina was perceived as one of the world's successful new democracies, equal in many ways to Australia, Canada, and the United States. Yet, despite this early promise, during the last fifty years Argentina has moved from crisis to crisis, sinking into deeper depths of economic turmoil, social disruption, political chaos, militarism, debt, and governmental irresponsibility. Of course there have been bright, hopeful moments, when courageous, committed Argentines have rallied to restore the prosperity and stability of the early twentieth century. But without exception, social unrest, class resentment, and economic uncertainty have thwarted the best plans wrought by the country's brightest people.

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