Editorial Karibdis - German verbs: 100 conjugated verbs

Especially written for electronic devices, German verbs has an introduction to the formation of all verbal tenses in German, as well as 100 essential verbs fully conjugated with their meaning. This book allows the user to search in all the text because it has no images or vanishing or unreadable text. Editorial Karibdis 100 verbs series - Volume 4 First edition Karibdis 22.03.18 Original title: German Verbs © Editorial Karibdis, 2018 Cover design: Karina Martínez Ramírez Vector cover image: Creative_hat / Freepik Digital editor: Karibdis First edition: March 2018 All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. The unauthorized reproduction of this copyrighted work is illegal. No part of this book may be scanned, uploaded or distributed via the internet or any other means, electronic or print, without the publishers permission.

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German language belongs to the Germanic languages like English, Danish and Swedish. The main features of the German language are:

• mood: indicative, subjunctive, conditional, imperative
• tense: present, past, future
• person: first, second, third
• number: singular, plural
• voice: active, passive, reflexive

German verbs are divided into two groups, according to the formation of the past and the past participle:

• Weak or regular verbs: the vowel of the root does not change
• Strong or irregular verbs: the vowel of the root changes

The present indicative of all verbs is formed with the root of the verb (infinitive without -en or -n) plus the endings -e, -st, -t, -en, -t, -en: KAUFEN (buy) kauf-e kauf-st kauf-t kauf-en kauf-t kauf-en If the root ends in -d, -t or a consonant group, a vowel -e- is added before the endings of the first and second person of singular and the second person of plural: REDEN (talk) red-e red-est red-et red-en red-et red-en Some strong verbs change the vowel of the root in the second and the third person of singular: fallen (fall): du fällst, er fällt schlafen (sleep): du schläfst, er schläft laufen (run): du läufst, er läuft geben (give): du gibst, er gibt helfen (help): du hilfst, er hilft lesen (read): du liest, er liest stoßen (find): du stößt, er stößt The compound past indicative of all verbs is formed with the auxiliary verb haben (have) in present indicative plus the past participle of the main verb: KAUFEN (buy) habegekaufthastgekaufthatgekaufthabengekaufthabtgekaufthabengekauft There is a group of intransitive verbs which form the compound tenses with the auxiliary verb sein (be). Some of these verbs are biegen (bend), bleiben (stay), brechen (break), fahren (drive), fallen (fall), fliegen (fly), gehen (go), laufen (walk), rennen (run), reisen (travel), reiten (ride), scheiden (separate), schmelzen (melt), sein (be), springen (jump), sterben (die), treten (step), verderben (ruin), wachsen (grow) and werden (become): REISEN (travel) bingereistbistgereististgereistsindgereistseidgereistsindgereist The past indicative of weak verbs is formed with the root of the verb plus the endings -te, -test, -te, -ten, -tet, -ten: KAUFEN (buy) kauf-te kauf-test kauf-te kauf-ten kauf-tet kauf-ten The past indicative of strong verbs are formed with the root of the irregular verb (see the list of strong verbs) plus the endings -ø, -st, -ø, -en, -t, -en: SINGEN (sing) sang sang-st sang sang-en sang-t sang-en The pluperfect indicative of all verbs is formed with the auxiliary verb haben (have) in the past plus the past participle of the main verb: KAUFEN (buy) hattegekaufthattestgekaufthattegekaufthattengekaufthattetgekaufthattengekauft Some intransitive verbs as biegen (bend), bleiben (stay), brechen (break), fahren (drive), fallen (fall), fliegen (fly), gehen (go), laufen (walk), rennen (run), reisen (travel), reiten (ride), scheiden (separate), schmelzen (melt), sein (be), springen (jump), sterben (die), treten (step), verderben (ruin), wachsen (grow) and werden (become) form the pluperfect with the auxiliary verb sein (be) in the past plus the past participle of the main verb: REISEN (travel) wargereistwarst